Robotisation

Definition

Robotisation is the process of introducing robots and automated systems that are capable of performing physical and repetitive tasks that require precision and speed. In the context of Industry 4.0, robotisation is one of the key elements in optimising manufacturing, warehousing, and logistics processes. Robotics enables companies to increase efficiency, safety, and quality control by automating complex tasks that previously required human intervention.

    Basic kinds

    • Industrial robots: Machines designed to perform repetitive tasks on production lines, such as welding, assembly, painting, packaging, and quality control.
    • Mobile robots (AGV/AMR): Self-propelled vehicles that transport materials within a plant, warehouse, or distribution centre, moving along pre-programmed routes (AGV) or navigating autonomously (AMR).
    • Cobots (collaborative robots): Robots designed to work safely with humans in the same workspaces, such as assembly processes.
    • Service robots: Machines to support service operations, such as warehousing, logistics, and cleaning.

    Main roles

    • Additional advantages of implementing robotisation include:
    • lower operating costs,
    • improved worker safety,
    • reduced lead times,
    • faster return on investment,
    • increased competitiveness and production efficiency,
    • smaller environmental footprint,
    • better planning,
    • less need for outsourcing,
    • optimum use of space,
    • easy integration,
    • maximum use of manpower,
    • increased versatility and flexibility of the production system.

    Basic elements

    • Manipulators: A robotic arm that performs precise movements and operations, such as gripping, assembling, handling, or processing materials.
    • Robot controllers: Control devices that process commands and control manipulator movements and other robot functions.
    • Video systems: Cameras and sensors that allow robots to recognise objects, control quality, and perform precise tasks based on images.
    • Drives and actuators: Elements that move the robot, controlling the speed and precision of operations.
    • Human-machine interfaces (HMIs): Interfaces that enable communication and cooperation between humans and robots, which is especially important for cobots.

    Mechanism of action

    • Programming and planning: Robots are programmed to perform specific tasks, such as assembly or welding. When planning their movements and actions, optimisation and safety are taken into account.
    • Data perception and analysis: Video systems, sensors, and data processing algorithms allow robots to assess their surroundings, identify objects, and analyse operating conditions to dynamically adjust operations.
    • Decision-making: Robots use embedded controllers and artificial intelligence algorithms to make real-time decisions, which enables them to respond autonomously to changing conditions and avoid obstacles.
    • Task implementation: Robots perform programmed tasks, such as handling, assembly, and quality control, in a precise and repeatable manner. Their activities are carried out according to instructions, with appropriate quality and safety parameters.
    • Monitoring and predictive maintenance: Through the use of IoT and data analysis, robots can monitor their own condition and report maintenance needs. Monitoring the robot’s condition enables predictive maintenance planning, which minimises the risk of failure.
    • Optimisation and adaptation: Depending on the data collected during operation, robots can be adapted to changing conditions or new tasks. Through data analysis, their performance can be continuously improved.